History of Hinduism | Wikipedia audio article

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History of Hinduism


00:02:39 1 Roots of Hinduism
00:04:47 2 Periodisation
00:07:07 3 Prevedic religions (until c. 1750 BCE)
00:07:14 3.1 Prehistory
00:07:55 3.2 Indus Valley Civilization (c. 3300–1700 BCE)
00:09:47 4 Vedic period (c. 1750–500 BCE)
00:10:19 4.1 Origins
00:12:43 4.2 Rigvedic religion
00:15:13 4.2.1 Vedas
00:18:16 4.2.2 Cosmic order
00:18:45 4.2.3 Upanishads
00:19:57 4.3 Brahmanism
00:20:49 5 Second Urbanisation (c. 600–200 BCE)
00:21:32 5.1 Upanishads and shramana movements
00:21:39 5.2 Survival of Vedic ritual
00:23:15 5.3 Mauryan empire
00:24:09 5.4 Sanskritization
00:24:39 6 Classical Hinduism (c. 200 BCE-1200 CE)
00:25:08 6.1 Pre-classical Hinduism (c. 200 BCE-320 CE)
00:25:15 6.1.1 Hindu synthesis
00:25:24 6.1.2 Smriti
00:26:35 6.1.3 Schools of Hindu philosophy
00:28:30 6.1.4 Sangam literature
00:28:51 6.2 "Golden Age" (Gupta and Pallava period) (c. 320-650 CE)
00:29:29 6.2.1 Gupta and Pallava Empires
00:30:56 6.2.2 Bhakti
00:32:25 6.2.3 Expansion in South-East Asia
00:32:54 6.3 Late-Classical Hinduism - Puranic Hinduism (c. 650-1200 CE)
00:36:21 6.3.1 Puranic Hinduism
00:37:47 6.3.2 Bhakti movement
00:41:12 6.3.3 Advaita Vedanta
00:42:32 6.3.4 Contact with Persia and Mesopotamia
00:44:47 7 Medieval and Early Modern Periods (c. 1200-1850 CE)
00:45:43 7.1 Muslim rule
00:45:51 7.2 Unifying Hinduism
00:47:30 7.3 Early Modern period (c. 1500-1850 CE)
00:48:31 7.3.1 Mughal Empire
00:49:04 7.3.2 Maratha Empire
00:52:18 7.3.3 Early colonialism
00:54:39 8 Modern Hinduism (after c. 1850 CE)
00:56:34 8.1 Hindu revivalism
00:57:55 8.2 Reception in the West
01:00:58 9 Contemporary Hinduism
01:03:10 9.1 Indian subcontinent
01:03:42 9.2 Southeast Asia
01:05:11 9.3 Neo-Hindu movements in the west
01:06:36 9.4 Hindutva
01:07:32 10 See also
01:08:18 11 Notes
01:08:43 12 References



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SUMMARY
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History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related religious traditions native to the Indian subcontinent. Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of religion in Indian subcontinent since the Iron Age, with some of its traditions tracing back to prehistoric religions such as those of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilization. It has thus been called the "oldest religion" in the world. Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no single founder.The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development. The first period is the pre-Vedic period, which includes the Indus Valley Civilisation and local pre-historic religions, ending at about 1750 BCE. This period was followed in northern India by the Vedic period, which saw the introduction of the historical Vedic religion with the Indo-Aryan migrations, starting somewhere between 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE. The subsequent period, between 800 BCE and 200 BCE, is "a turning point between the Vedic religion and Hindu religions", and a formative period for Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism. The Epic and Early Puranic period, from c. 200 BCE to 500 CE, saw the classical "Golden Age" of Hinduism (c. 320-650 CE), which coincides with the Gupta Empire. In this period the six branches of Hindu philosophy evolved, namely Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mīmāṃsā, and Vedanta. Monotheistic sects like Shaivism and Vaishnavism developed during this same period through the Bhakti movement. The period from roughly 650 to 1100 CE forms the late Classical period or early Middle Ages, in which classical Puranic Hinduism is established, and Adi Shankara's Advaita Vedanta, which incorporated Buddhist thought into Vedanta, marking a shift from realistic to idealistic thought.
Hinduism under both Hindu and Islamic rulers from c. 1200 to 1750 CE, saw the increasing prominence of the Bhakti movement, which remains influential today. The colonial period saw the emergence of various Hindu reform movements partly inspired by western movements, such as Unitarianism and Theosophy. Th ...